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IAWA Feature#

Feature Description

Feature Code Options * not required for each feature

	Growth Rings
1	Growth ring boundaries distinct	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
2	Growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Vessels
	Porosity
3	Wood ring-porous	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
4	Wood semi-ring-porous	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
5	Wood diffuse-porous	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Vessel arangement
6	Vessels in tangential bands	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
7	Vessels in diagonal and / or radial pattern	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
8	Vessels in dendritic pattern	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Vessel groupings
9	Vessels exclusively solitary (90% or more)	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
10	Vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more common	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
11	Vessel clusters common	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Solitary vessel outline
12	Solitary vessel outline angular	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Perforation plates
13	Simple perforation plates	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
14	Scalariform perforation plates	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
15	Scalariform perforation plates with <= 10 bars		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
16	Scalariform perforation plates with 10 - 20 bars		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
17	Scalariform perforation plates with 20 - 40 bars		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
18	Scalariform perforation plates with >= 40 bars		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
19	Reticulate, foraminate, and / or other types of multiple perforation plates	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Intervessel pits: arrangement and size
20	Intervessel pits scalariform	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
21	Intervessel pits opposite	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
22	Intervessel pits alternate	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
23	Shape of alternate pits polygonal	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
24	Minute - <= 4 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
25	Small - 4 - 7 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
26	Medium - 7 - 10 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
27	Large - >= 10 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Vestured pits	(definition)
29	Vestured pits	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Vessel - ray pitting
30	Vessel-ray pits with distinct borders; similar to intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
31	Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits rounded or angular	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
32	Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits horizontal (scalariform, gash-like) to vertical (palisade)	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
33	Vessel-ray pits of two distinct sizes or types in the same ray cell	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
34	Vessel-ray pits unilaterally compound and coarse (over 10 µm)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
35	Vessel-ray pits restricted to marginal rows	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Helical thickenings	(definition)
36	Helical thickenings in vessel elements present	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
37	Helical thickenings throughout body of vessel element	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
38	Helical thickenings only in vessel element tails		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
39	Helical thickenings only in narrower vessel elements		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Tangential diameter of vessel lumina
	Mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina	(definition)
40	<= 50 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
41	50 - 100 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
42	100 - 200 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
43	>= 200 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
45	Vessels of two distinct diameter classes, wood not ring-porous	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Vessels per square millimetre	(definition)
46	<= 5 vessels per square millimetre		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
47	5 - 20 vessels per square millimetre		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
48	20 - 40 vessels per square millimetre		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
49	40 - 100 vessels per square millimetre		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
50	>= 100 vessels per square millimetre		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Mean vessel element length
52	<= 350 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
53	350 - 800 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
54	>= 800 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Tyloses and deposits in vessels
56	Tyloses common	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
57	Tyloses sclerotic	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
58	Gums and other deposits in heartwood vessels	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Wood vesselless	(definition)
59	Wood vesselless	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Tracheids and fibres
60	Vascular / vasicentric tracheids present	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Ground tissue fibres
61	Fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
62	Fibres with distinctly bordered pits	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
63	Fibre pits common in both radial and tangential walls	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
64	Helical thickenings in ground tissue fibres	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Septate fibres and parenchyma-like fibre bands
65	Septate fibres present	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
66	Non-septate fibres present	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
67	Parenchyma-like fibre bands alternating with ordinary fibres	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Fibre wall thickness
68	Fibres very thin-walled	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
69	Fibres thin- to thick-walled	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
70	Fibres very thick-walled	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Mean fibre lengths
71	<= 900 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
72	900-1600 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
73	>= 1600 µm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Axial parenchyma
75	Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Apotracheal axial parenchyma	(definition)
76	Axial parenchyma diffuse	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
77	Axial parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Paratracheal axial parenchyma	(definition)
78	Axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
79	Axial parenchyma vasicentric	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
80	Axial parenchyma aliform		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
81	Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
82	Axial parenchyma winged-aliform	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
83	Axial parenchyma confluent	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
84	Axial parenchyma unilateral paratracheal	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Banded parenchyma	(definition)
85	Axial parenchyma bands more than three cells wide	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
86	Axial parenchyma in narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
87	Axial parenchyma reticulate	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
88	Axial parenchyma scalariform	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
89	Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Axial parenchyma cell type / strand length	(definition)
90	Fusiform parenchyma cells	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
91	Two cells per parenchyma strand	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
92	Four (3-4) cells per parenchyma strand	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
93	Eight (5-8) cells per parenchyma strand		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
94	Over eight cells per parenchyma strand		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
95	Unlignified parenchyma	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Rays
	Ray width	(definition)
96	Rays exclusively uniseriate		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
97	Ray width 1 to 3 cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
98	Larger rays commonly 4 - to 10 seriate		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
99	Larger rays commonly > 10-seriate	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
100	Rays with multiseriate portion(s) as wide as uniseriate portions	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Aggregate rays	(definition)
101	Aggregate rays	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Ray height
102	Ray height > 1 mm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Rays of two distinct sizes	(definition)
103	Rays of two distinct sizes	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Rays: cellular composition	(definition)
104	All ray cells procumbent	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
105	All ray cells upright and / or square	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
106	Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and / or square marginal cells	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
107	Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2-4 rows of upright and / or square marginal cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
108	Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and / or square marginal cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
109	Rays with procumbent, square and upright cells mixed throughout the ray		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Sheath cells	(definition)
110	Sheath cells	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Tile cells	(definition)
111	Tile cells	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Perforated ray cells	(definition)
112	Perforated ray cells	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Disjunctive ray parenchyma cell walls	(definition)
113	Disjunctive ray parenchyma cell walls	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Rays per millimetre	(definition)
114	<= 4 / mm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
115	4-12 / mm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
116	>= 12 /mm		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Wood rayless	(definition)
117	Wood rayless	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Storied structure	(definition)
118	All rays storied	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
119	Low rays storied, high rays non-storied.	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
120	Axial parenchyma and / or vessel elements storied	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
121	Fibres storied	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
122	Rays and / or axial elements irregularly storied	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Secretory elements and cambial variants
	Oil and mucilage cells	(definition)
124	Oil and / or mucilage cells associated with ray parenchyma	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
125	Oil and / or mucilage cells associated with axial parenchyma	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
126	Oil and / or mucilage cells present among fibres	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Intercellular canals	(definition)
127	Axial canals in long tangential lines	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
128	Axial canals in short tangential lines	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
129	Axial canals diffuse	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
130	Radial canals	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
131	Intercellular canals of traumatic origin	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Tubes / tubules
132	Laticifers or tanniniferous tubes	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Cambial variants
133	Included phloem, concentric	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
134	Included phloem, diffuse	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
135	Other cambial variants	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Mineral inclusions
	Prismatic crystals	(definition)
136	Prismatic crystals present		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
137	Prismatic crystals in upright and / or square ray cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
138	Prismatic crystals in procumbent ray cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
139	Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
140	Prismatic crystals in chambered upright and / or square ray cells	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
141	Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
142	Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
143	Prismatic crystals in fibres		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Druses	(definition)
144	Druses present		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
145	Druses in ray parenchyma cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
146	Druses in axial parenchyma cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
147	Druses in fibres		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
148	Druses in chambered cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Other crystal types
149	Raphides	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
150	Acicular crystals	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
151	Styloids and / or elongate crystals	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
152	Crystals of other shapes (mostly small)	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
153	Crystal sand	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Other diagnostic crystal features
154	More than one crystal of about the same size per cell or chamber	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
155	Two distinct sizes of crystals per cell or chamber		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
156	Crystals in enlarged cells	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
157	Crystals in tyloses		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
158	Cystoliths	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Silica
159	Silica bodies present	(definition)	Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
160	Silica bodies in ray cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
161	Silica bodies in axial parenchyma cells		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
162	Silica bodies in fibres		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
163	Vitreous silica		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Appendix -- Non-anatomical information
	Geographical distribution
164	Europe and temperate Asia (Brazier and Franklin region 75)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
165	Europe, excluding Mediterranean		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
166	Mediterranean including Northern Africa and Middle East		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
167	Temperate Asia (China), Japan, Russia		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
168	Central South Asia (Brazier and Franklin region 75)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
169	India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
170	Burma		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
171	Southeast Asia and Pacific (Brazier and Franklin region 76)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
172	Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia (Indochina)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
173	Indomalesia: Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Papua, New Guinea, and Solomon Islands		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
174	Pacific Islands (including New Caledonia, Samoa, Hawaii, and Fiji)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
175	Australia and New Zealand (Brazier and Franklin region 77)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
176	Australia		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
177	New Zealand		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
178	Tropical mainland Africa and adjacent islands (Brazier and Franklin region 78)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
179	Tropical Africa		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
180	Madagascar & Mauritius, Réunion & Comores		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
181	Southern Africa (south of the Tropic of Capricorn) (Brazier and Franklin region 79)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
182	North America, north of Mexico (Brazier and Franklin region 80)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
183	Neotropics and temperate Brazil (Brazier and Franklin region 81)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
184	Mexico and Central America		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
185	Carribean		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
186	Tropical South America		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
187	Southern Brazil		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
188	Temperate South America including Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and S. Paraguay (Brazier and Franklin region 82)		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Habit
189	Tree		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
190	Shrub		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
191	Vine / liana		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Wood of commercial importance
192	Wood of commercial importance		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Specific gravity
193	Basic specific gravity low, <= 0.40		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
194	Basic specific gravity medium, 0.40-0.75		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
195	Basic specific gravity high, >= 0.75		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Heartwood colour
196	Heartwood colour darker than sapwood colour		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
197	Heartwood basically brown or shades of brown		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
198	Heartwood basically red or shades of red		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
199	Heartwood basically yellow or shades of yellow		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
200	Heartwood basically white to grey		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
201	Heartwood with streaks		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
202	Heartwood not as above		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Odour
203	Distinct odour		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Heartwood fluorescent
204	Heartwood flourescent		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Water & ethanol extracts: fluorescence & colour
205	Water extract fluorescent		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
206	Water extract basically colourless to brown or shades of brown		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
207	Water extract basically red or shades of red		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
208	Water extract basically yellow or shades of yellow		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
209	Water extract not as above		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
210	Ethanol extract fluorescent		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
211	Ethanol extract basically colourless to brown or shades of brown		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
212	Ethanol extract basically red or shades of red		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
213	Ethanol extract basically yellow or shades of yellow		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
214	Ethanol extract not as above		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Froth test
215	Froth test positive		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Chrome Azurol-S test
216	Chrome Azurol-S test positive		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
	Burning splinter test
217	Splinter burns to charcoal		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
218	Splinter burns to a full ash: Colour of ash bright white		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
219	Splinter burns to a full ash: Colour of ash yellow-brown		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
220	Splinter burns to a full ash: Colour of ash other than above		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent
221	Splinter burns to a partial ash		Present Absent Required Present Required Absent

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