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Growth Rings
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1 |
Growth ring boundaries distinct
|
(definition)
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2 |
Growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent
|
(definition)
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Vessels
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Porosity
|
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3 |
Wood ring-porous
|
(definition)
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4 |
Wood semi-ring-porous
|
(definition)
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5 |
Wood diffuse-porous
|
(definition)
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|
Vessel arangement
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6 |
Vessels in tangential bands
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(definition)
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7 |
Vessels in diagonal and / or radial pattern
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(definition)
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8 |
Vessels in dendritic pattern
|
(definition)
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|
Vessel groupings
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9 |
Vessels exclusively solitary (90% or more)
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(definition)
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10 |
Vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more common
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(definition)
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11 |
Vessel clusters common
|
(definition)
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|
Solitary vessel outline
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12 |
Solitary vessel outline angular
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(definition)
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|
Perforation plates
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13 |
Simple perforation plates
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(definition)
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14 |
Scalariform perforation plates
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(definition)
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15 |
Scalariform perforation plates with <= 10 bars
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16 |
Scalariform perforation plates with 10 - 20 bars
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17 |
Scalariform perforation plates with 20 - 40 bars
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18 |
Scalariform perforation plates with >= 40 bars
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19 |
Reticulate, foraminate, and / or other types of multiple perforation plates
|
(definition)
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|
Intervessel pits: arrangement and size
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20 |
Intervessel pits scalariform
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(definition)
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21 |
Intervessel pits opposite
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(definition)
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22 |
Intervessel pits alternate
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(definition)
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23 |
Shape of alternate pits polygonal
|
(definition)
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24 |
Minute - <= 4 µm
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25 |
Small - 4 - 7 µm
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26 |
Medium - 7 - 10 µm
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27 |
Large - >= 10 µm
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|
Vestured pits
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(definition)
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29 |
Vestured pits
|
(definition)
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|
Vessel - ray pitting
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30 |
Vessel-ray pits with distinct borders; similar to intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell
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(definition)
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31 |
Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits rounded or angular
|
(definition)
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32 |
Vessel-ray pits with much reduced borders to apparently simple: pits horizontal (scalariform, gash-like) to vertical (palisade)
|
(definition)
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33 |
Vessel-ray pits of two distinct sizes or types in the same ray cell
|
(definition)
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34 |
Vessel-ray pits unilaterally compound and coarse (over 10 µm)
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35 |
Vessel-ray pits restricted to marginal rows
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(definition)
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|
Helical thickenings
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(definition)
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36 |
Helical thickenings in vessel elements present
|
(definition)
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37 |
Helical thickenings throughout body of vessel element
|
(definition)
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38 |
Helical thickenings only in vessel element tails
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39 |
Helical thickenings only in narrower vessel elements
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|
Tangential diameter of vessel lumina
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|
Mean tangential diameter of vessel lumina
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(definition)
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40 |
<= 50 µm
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41 |
50 - 100 µm
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42 |
100 - 200 µm
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43 |
>= 200 µm
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45 |
Vessels of two distinct diameter classes, wood not ring-porous
|
(definition)
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Vessels per square millimetre
|
(definition)
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46 |
<= 5 vessels per square millimetre
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47 |
5 - 20 vessels per square millimetre
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48 |
20 - 40 vessels per square millimetre
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49 |
40 - 100 vessels per square millimetre
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50 |
>= 100 vessels per square millimetre
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|
|
Mean vessel element length
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52 |
<= 350 µm
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53 |
350 - 800 µm
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54 |
>= 800 µm
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|
Tyloses and deposits in vessels
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56 |
Tyloses common
|
(definition)
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|
57 |
Tyloses sclerotic
|
(definition)
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|
58 |
Gums and other deposits in heartwood vessels
|
(definition)
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|
|
Wood vesselless
|
(definition)
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|
59 |
Wood vesselless
|
(definition)
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|
Tracheids and fibres
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60 |
Vascular / vasicentric tracheids present
|
(definition)
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|
|
Ground tissue fibres
|
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61 |
Fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits
|
(definition)
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|
62 |
Fibres with distinctly bordered pits
|
(definition)
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|
63 |
Fibre pits common in both radial and tangential walls
|
(definition)
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64 |
Helical thickenings in ground tissue fibres
|
(definition)
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|
|
Septate fibres and parenchyma-like fibre bands
|
|
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65 |
Septate fibres present
|
(definition)
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|
66 |
Non-septate fibres present
|
(definition)
|
|
67 |
Parenchyma-like fibre bands alternating with ordinary fibres
|
(definition)
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|
|
Fibre wall thickness
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68 |
Fibres very thin-walled
|
(definition)
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|
69 |
Fibres thin- to thick-walled
|
(definition)
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|
70 |
Fibres very thick-walled
|
(definition)
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|
|
Mean fibre lengths
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71 |
<= 900 µm
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72 |
900-1600 µm
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73 |
>= 1600 µm
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|
|
Axial parenchyma
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75 |
Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare
|
(definition)
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|
|
Apotracheal axial parenchyma
|
(definition)
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|
76 |
Axial parenchyma diffuse
|
(definition)
|
|
77 |
Axial parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Paratracheal axial parenchyma
|
(definition)
|
|
78 |
Axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal
|
(definition)
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|
79 |
Axial parenchyma vasicentric
|
(definition)
|
|
80 |
Axial parenchyma aliform
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|
|
81 |
Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform
|
(definition)
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|
82 |
Axial parenchyma winged-aliform
|
(definition)
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|
83 |
Axial parenchyma confluent
|
(definition)
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|
84 |
Axial parenchyma unilateral paratracheal
|
(definition)
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|
|
Banded parenchyma
|
(definition)
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|
85 |
Axial parenchyma bands more than three cells wide
|
(definition)
|
|
86 |
Axial parenchyma in narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide
|
(definition)
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|
87 |
Axial parenchyma reticulate
|
(definition)
|
|
88 |
Axial parenchyma scalariform
|
(definition)
|
|
89 |
Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands
|
(definition)
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|
|
Axial parenchyma cell type / strand length
|
(definition)
|
|
90 |
Fusiform parenchyma cells
|
(definition)
|
|
91 |
Two cells per parenchyma strand
|
(definition)
|
|
92 |
Four (3-4) cells per parenchyma strand
|
(definition)
|
|
93 |
Eight (5-8) cells per parenchyma strand
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|
94 |
Over eight cells per parenchyma strand
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|
95 |
Unlignified parenchyma
|
(definition)
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|
|
Rays
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|
|
Ray width
|
(definition)
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|
96 |
Rays exclusively uniseriate
|
|
|
97 |
Ray width 1 to 3 cells
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|
98 |
Larger rays commonly 4 - to 10 seriate
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|
|
99 |
Larger rays commonly > 10-seriate
|
(definition)
|
|
100 |
Rays with multiseriate portion(s) as wide as uniseriate portions
|
(definition)
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|
|
Aggregate rays
|
(definition)
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|
101 |
Aggregate rays
|
(definition)
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|
|
Ray height
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102 |
Ray height > 1 mm
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|
|
Rays of two distinct sizes
|
(definition)
|
|
103 |
Rays of two distinct sizes
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Rays: cellular composition
|
(definition)
|
|
104 |
All ray cells procumbent
|
(definition)
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|
105 |
All ray cells upright and / or square
|
(definition)
|
|
106 |
Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and / or square marginal cells
|
(definition)
|
|
107 |
Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2-4 rows of upright and / or square marginal cells
|
|
|
108 |
Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and / or square marginal cells
|
|
|
109 |
Rays with procumbent, square and upright cells mixed throughout the ray
|
|
|
|
Sheath cells
|
(definition)
|
|
110 |
Sheath cells
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Tile cells
|
(definition)
|
|
111 |
Tile cells
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Perforated ray cells
|
(definition)
|
|
112 |
Perforated ray cells
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Disjunctive ray parenchyma cell walls
|
(definition)
|
|
113 |
Disjunctive ray parenchyma cell walls
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Rays per millimetre
|
(definition)
|
|
114 |
<= 4 / mm
|
|
|
115 |
4-12 / mm
|
|
|
116 |
>= 12 /mm
|
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|
|
Wood rayless
|
(definition)
|
|
117 |
Wood rayless
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Storied structure
|
(definition)
|
|
118 |
All rays storied
|
(definition)
|
|
119 |
Low rays storied, high rays non-storied.
|
(definition)
|
|
120 |
Axial parenchyma and / or vessel elements storied
|
(definition)
|
|
121 |
Fibres storied
|
(definition)
|
|
122 |
Rays and / or axial elements irregularly storied
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Secretory elements and cambial variants
|
|
|
|
Oil and mucilage cells
|
(definition)
|
|
124 |
Oil and / or mucilage cells associated with ray parenchyma
|
(definition)
|
|
125 |
Oil and / or mucilage cells associated with axial parenchyma
|
(definition)
|
|
126 |
Oil and / or mucilage cells present among fibres
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Intercellular canals
|
(definition)
|
|
127 |
Axial canals in long tangential lines
|
(definition)
|
|
128 |
Axial canals in short tangential lines
|
(definition)
|
|
129 |
Axial canals diffuse
|
(definition)
|
|
130 |
Radial canals
|
(definition)
|
|
131 |
Intercellular canals of traumatic origin
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Tubes / tubules
|
|
|
132 |
Laticifers or tanniniferous tubes
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Cambial variants
|
|
|
133 |
Included phloem, concentric
|
(definition)
|
|
134 |
Included phloem, diffuse
|
(definition)
|
|
135 |
Other cambial variants
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Mineral inclusions
|
|
|
|
Prismatic crystals
|
(definition)
|
|
136 |
Prismatic crystals present
|
|
|
137 |
Prismatic crystals in upright and / or square ray cells
|
|
|
138 |
Prismatic crystals in procumbent ray cells
|
|
|
139 |
Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells
|
|
|
140 |
Prismatic crystals in chambered upright and / or square ray cells
|
(definition)
|
|
141 |
Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells
|
|
|
142 |
Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells
|
|
|
143 |
Prismatic crystals in fibres
|
|
|
|
Druses
|
(definition)
|
|
144 |
Druses present
|
|
|
145 |
Druses in ray parenchyma cells
|
|
|
146 |
Druses in axial parenchyma cells
|
|
|
147 |
Druses in fibres
|
|
|
148 |
Druses in chambered cells
|
|
|
|
Other crystal types
|
|
|
149 |
Raphides
|
(definition)
|
|
150 |
Acicular crystals
|
(definition)
|
|
151 |
Styloids and / or elongate crystals
|
(definition)
|
|
152 |
Crystals of other shapes (mostly small)
|
(definition)
|
|
153 |
Crystal sand
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Other diagnostic crystal features
|
|
|
154 |
More than one crystal of about the same size per cell or chamber
|
(definition)
|
|
155 |
Two distinct sizes of crystals per cell or chamber
|
|
|
156 |
Crystals in enlarged cells
|
(definition)
|
|
157 |
Crystals in tyloses
|
|
|
158 |
Cystoliths
|
(definition)
|
|
|
Silica
|
|
|
159 |
Silica bodies present
|
(definition)
|
|
160 |
Silica bodies in ray cells
|
|
|
161 |
Silica bodies in axial parenchyma cells
|
|
|
162 |
Silica bodies in fibres
|
|
|
163 |
Vitreous silica
|
|
|
|
Appendix -- Non-anatomical information
|
|
|
|
Geographical distribution
|
|
|
164 |
Europe and temperate Asia (Brazier and Franklin region 75)
|
|
|
165 |
Europe, excluding Mediterranean
|
|
|
166 |
Mediterranean including Northern Africa and Middle East
|
|
|
167 |
Temperate Asia (China), Japan, Russia
|
|
|
168 |
Central South Asia (Brazier and Franklin region 75)
|
|
|
169 |
India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
|
|
|
170 |
Burma
|
|
|
171 |
Southeast Asia and Pacific (Brazier and Franklin region 76)
|
|
|
172 |
Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia (Indochina)
|
|
|
173 |
Indomalesia: Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Papua, New Guinea, and Solomon Islands
|
|
|
174 |
Pacific Islands (including New Caledonia, Samoa, Hawaii, and Fiji)
|
|
|
175 |
Australia and New Zealand (Brazier and Franklin region 77)
|
|
|
176 |
Australia
|
|
|
177 |
New Zealand
|
|
|
178 |
Tropical mainland Africa and adjacent islands (Brazier and Franklin region 78)
|
|
|
179 |
Tropical Africa
|
|
|
180 |
Madagascar & Mauritius, RĂ©union & Comores
|
|
|
181 |
Southern Africa (south of the Tropic of Capricorn) (Brazier and Franklin region 79)
|
|
|
182 |
North America, north of Mexico (Brazier and Franklin region 80)
|
|
|
183 |
Neotropics and temperate Brazil (Brazier and Franklin region 81)
|
|
|
184 |
Mexico and Central America
|
|
|
185 |
Carribean
|
|
|
186 |
Tropical South America
|
|
|
187 |
Southern Brazil
|
|
|
188 |
Temperate South America including Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and S. Paraguay (Brazier and Franklin region 82)
|
|
|
|
Habit
|
|
|
189 |
Tree
|
|
|
190 |
Shrub
|
|
|
191 |
Vine / liana
|
|
|
|
Wood of commercial importance
|
|
|
192 |
Wood of commercial importance
|
|
|
|
Specific gravity
|
|
|
193 |
Basic specific gravity low, <= 0.40
|
|
|
194 |
Basic specific gravity medium, 0.40-0.75
|
|
|
195 |
Basic specific gravity high, >= 0.75
|
|
|
|
Heartwood colour
|
|
|
196 |
Heartwood colour darker than sapwood colour
|
|
|
197 |
Heartwood basically brown or shades of brown
|
|
|
198 |
Heartwood basically red or shades of red
|
|
|
199 |
Heartwood basically yellow or shades of yellow
|
|
|
200 |
Heartwood basically white to grey
|
|
|
201 |
Heartwood with streaks
|
|
|
202 |
Heartwood not as above
|
|
|
|
Odour
|
|
|
203 |
Distinct odour
|
|
|
|
Heartwood fluorescent
|
|
|
204 |
Heartwood flourescent
|
|
|
|
Water & ethanol extracts: fluorescence & colour
|
|
|
205 |
Water extract fluorescent
|
|
|
206 |
Water extract basically colourless to brown or shades of brown
|
|
|
207 |
Water extract basically red or shades of red
|
|
|
208 |
Water extract basically yellow or shades of yellow
|
|
|
209 |
Water extract not as above
|
|
|
210 |
Ethanol extract fluorescent
|
|
|
211 |
Ethanol extract basically colourless to brown or shades of brown
|
|
|
212 |
Ethanol extract basically red or shades of red
|
|
|
213 |
Ethanol extract basically yellow or shades of yellow
|
|
|
214 |
Ethanol extract not as above
|
|
|
|
Froth test
|
|
|
215 |
Froth test positive
|
|
|
|
Chrome Azurol-S test
|
|
|
216 |
Chrome Azurol-S test positive
|
|
|
|
Burning splinter test
|
|
|
217 |
Splinter burns to charcoal
|
|
|
218 |
Splinter burns to a full ash: Colour of ash bright white
|
|
|
219 |
Splinter burns to a full ash: Colour of ash yellow-brown
|
|
|
220 |
Splinter burns to a full ash: Colour of ash other than above
|
|
|
221 |
Splinter burns to a partial ash
|
|
|